约翰·埃弗谢德1864—1956

简介

埃弗谢德出生于萨里郡果姆雪尔村，父母亲名叫约翰·埃弗谢德和索菲亚·埃弗谢德（娘家姓皮尔斯）。1909年在印度科代卡那天文台发现了以他名字命名的埃弗谢德效应， 1923年退休后，他在萨里郡尤赫斯特设立了一座私人天文台，并安装了专门设计的大型太阳摄谱仪和另一台带高色散液体棱镜摄谱仪，继续研究日珥中H线和K线的波长，得出了太阳周期中不同阶段和不同纬度上的精准旋转值。

该工作一直持续止1950年天文台关闭，后来他将一些设备转赠给了位于赫斯特蒙索的格林尼治皇家天文台。他是英国天文协会的创始会员，曾负责太阳光谱部（1893年-1899年）和光谱部门（1924年-1926年）。

获奖和荣誉

1894年，埃弗谢德当选为英国皇家天文学会会员；1918年被授予英国皇家天文学会金质奖章；1915年5月被选为皇家学会会员。月球上的埃弗谢德环形山就是以他的名字命名的；1923年在他退休时被授予了印度帝国勋章。

个人生活

埃弗谢德的妻子是天文学家玛丽·艾克沃斯·奥尔· 埃弗谢德（Mary Ackworth Orr Evershed），二人曾共同发表过一些著作。1956年11月17日，埃弗谢德在萨里郡尤赫斯特去世。

2015年他的手稿文档被伦敦科学博物馆收藏。

John Evershed CIE FRS FRAS (26 February 1864 – 17 November 1956) was an English astronomer. He was the first to observe radial motions in sunspots, a phenomenon now known as the Evershed effect.

Biography

Evershed was born in Gomshall, Surrey to John and Sophia (née Price) Evershed. He made the discovery which bears his name while at Kodaikanal Observatory in 1909. After retirement in 1923 he set up a private observatory at Ewhurst, Surrey and built a large spectroheliograph of special design and another with high-dispersion liquid prism. He continued to study the wave-lengths of H and K lines in prominences, giving values of the solar rotation at high levels in different latitudes and at different phases of the solar cycle. Work continued until 1950 when the observatory closed and he presented some of his instruments to the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux. In the autumn of 1890 was a founding member of the British Astronomical Association. He directed its Solar Spectroscopy Section (1893-1899) and Spectroscopic Section (1924-1926).

Awards and honours

In 1894 Evershed was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, in 1918 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May, 1915. The Evershed crater on the Moon is named in his honour. He was awarded as a Companion of the Indian Empire on his retirement in 1923.

Personal life

Evershed married fellow astronomer Mary Acworth Orr Evershed on 4 September 1906 at Claughton near Scarborough, Yorkshire. Following the death of his wife in 1949 he married Margaret Randall in 1950. He died in Ewhurst, Surrey on 17 November 1956. He also had interest in lepidoptera and other insects. W. H. Evans described a butterfly Thoressa evershedi in 1910 and named it after Evershed who had collected the type specimen. In 2015 his archive was acquired by the Science Museum, London.