罗曼·贾基夫1939—2023

生平

贾基夫在斯沃思莫尔学院获得了学士学位。1966年，他在康奈尔大学获得了博士学位，导师是汉斯·贝特和肯尼斯·威尔森。1969年起，他在麻省理工学院理论物理中心担任教授直到退休。2013年，他成为了荣誉退休教授。

研究生涯

贾基夫因发现轴向微扰反常现象而知名，也称作阿德勒–贝尔–贾基夫异常、手性异常。1969年，罗曼·贾基夫和约翰·斯图尔特·贝尔发表了他们对（观察到的）中性π介子衰变成两个光子的解释，后来由斯蒂芬·阿德勒扩充和阐明。经典电动力学的对称性禁止这种衰变的发生，但贝尔和贾基夫证明，在量子水平上对称性不能保持。

他们从量子场论 中引入了“异常”一词，这要求基本费米子的总荷数为0。这项工作对夸克的色理论提供了重要支持。贾基夫亦因提出贾基夫–泰特尔鲍姆引力而知名。

个人生活

贾基夫的妻子是美籍韩裔物理学家皮瑞英，儿子斯蒂凡·贾基夫是美国小提琴家。另一个儿子尼古拉斯·贾基夫是软件设计师，因发明几何画板而知名。 他的女儿Simone Ahlborn是罗得岛州普罗维登斯摩西·布朗学校的一名教育工作者。

奖项

丹尼·海涅曼数学物理奖（1995年）

瑞典乌普萨拉大学科学与技术学院荣誉博士学位（2000年5月26日）

Roman Wladimir Jackiw (; Polish: [ˈrɔman ˈjakʲiv]; November 8, 1939 – June 14, 2023) was an American theoretical physicist and Dirac Medallist.

Early life and education

Jackiw was born in Lubliniec, Poland, in 1939 to a Ukrainian family that moved to Austria and Germany before settling in New York City when Jackiw was about 10.

Jackiw earned his undergraduate degree from Swarthmore College and his PhD from Cornell University in 1966 under Hans Bethe and Kenneth Wilson. He was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Theoretical Physics from 1969 until his retirement. He retained his affiliation in emeritus status in 2019.

Career

Jackiw co-discovered the chiral anomaly, which is also known as the Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly. In 1969, he and John Stewart Bell published their explanation, later expanded and clarified by Stephen L. Adler, of the observed decay of a neutral pion into two photons. This decay is forbidden by a symmetry of classical electrodynamics, but Bell and Jackiw showed that this symmetry is not preserved at the quantum level. Their introduction of an "anomalous" term from quantum field theory required that the sum of the charges of the elementary fermions be zero. This work also gave important support to the color theory of quarks.

Jackiw is also known for Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity, often abbreviated as JT Gravity, a theory of gravity with one dimension each of space and time that includes a dilaton field. Sometimes known as the R = T model, it is used to model some aspects of near-extremal black holes.

Personal life

Jackiw married fellow physicist So-Young Pi, daughter of Korean writer Pi Chun-deuk. Jackiw's sons are the violinst Stefan Jackiw and Nicholas Jackiw, a software designer known for inventing The Geometer's Sketchpad. His daughter, Simone Ahlborn, is an educator at Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island.

Jackiw died on 14 June 2023, aged 83.

Awards

Heineman Prize, 1995

Honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Science and Technology at Uppsala University, 2000