安东尼奥·穆齐1808—1889

生平

穆齐出生于佛罗伦斯，十五岁进入当地学院，修习化学和机械，后来于当地歌剧院任职舞台技师。

1834年穆齐建造了一条说话管道，连接舞台至控制室。

1835年穆齐移民至古巴，于哈瓦那剧院负责工程维修。于那里，他建造了食水净化系统。

妻子是爱丝特·摩奇（Ester Mochi），是他在美术院工作时认识的。

1850年再移居至美国，定居于纽约史泰登岛。于当地他设立了工厂，并致力研究电磁声音传送原理。1856年，他成功利用一条电线传送声音，并以电话形状仪器进行通话。

专利权

除“电气音声传达装置”（即日后的电话）外，安东尼奥·穆齐曾以多种发明取得多种专利权。但在当初他资金不足的情况下，他不能为电话取得正式的专利权，取而代之是在每年缴付10元的准专利权（正式确认专利权需要200元）。安东尼奥·穆齐曾向友人募金，但只能筹得20元。

贡献的确认

亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔一般被认为是电话的发明者。2002年6月11日美国国会的269议案承认了安东尼奥·穆齐的贡献。一些人认为这是承认穆齐才是电话发明人，但这种说法存在争议，因为议案并没有明说“安东尼奥·穆齐就是发明人”。此外约翰·菲利普·雷斯等也有可能是电话发明人。

Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci ( may-OO-chee, Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo meˈuttʃi]; 13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major political figure in the history of Italy. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.

Meucci set up a form of voice-communication link in his Staten Island, New York, home that connected the second-floor bedroom to his laboratory. He submitted a patent caveat for his telephonic device to the U.S. Patent Office in 1871, but there was no mention of electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound in his caveat. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for the electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound by undulatory electric current. Despite the longstanding general crediting of Bell with the accomplishment, the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities supported celebrations of Meucci's 200th birthday in 2008 using the title "Inventore del telefono" (Inventor of the telephone). The U.S. House of Representatives in a resolution in 2002 also acknowledged Meucci's work in the invention of the telephone, although the U.S. Senate did not join the resolution and the interpretation of the resolution is disputed.

Death

Meucci became ill in March 1889, and died on 18 October 1889 in Clifton, Staten Island (at the time part of the town of Southfield), New York.