英格丽·多贝西1954—

教育

多贝希于1975年毕业于布鲁塞尔自由大学物理专业。之后，在该校作助理研究员；1984年成为助教。

职业与研究

1987年，多贝希移居美国，任职于AT&T位于新泽西的贝尔实验室。就在同一年，做出了她最为著名的发现：即如何建立紧支撑的离散正交小波。这个发现最终被用于图像压缩，包括JPEG 2000标准中的多贝西小波。

在1993年-2011年间，多贝希为普林斯顿大学的全职教授。在2011年，她成为了杜克大学的全职教授。

个人生活

多贝希出生于比利时林堡省豪特哈伦-海尔赫特伦。1987年，她与前AT&T实验室的负责互联网及网络系统的副总裁罗伯特·考尔德班克结婚。

Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian-American physicist and mathematician at Duke University. She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression.

Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance image-compression technology. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is a 1992 MacArthur Fellow. She also served on the Mathematical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2011 to 2013.

The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet. A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard.

Her research involves the use of automatic methods from both mathematics, technology, and biology to extract information from samples such as bones and teeth. She also developed sophisticated image processing techniques used to help establish the authenticity and age of some of the world's most famous works of art, including paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Rembrandt.

Daubechies is on the board of directors of Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE), a program that helps women entering graduate studies in the mathematical sciences. She was the first woman to be president of the International Mathematical Union (2011–2014). She became a member of the Academia Europaea in 2015.

Early life and education

Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Simonne Duran (a criminologist) and Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer). She excelled at the primary school and was moved up a grade after only three months. After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt, she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at age 17.

Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975. During the next few years, she visited the CNRS Center for Theoretical Physics in Marseille several times, where she collaborated with Alex Grossmann; this work was the basis for her doctorate in quantum mechanics.

Career

After completing her doctorate, Daubechies continued her research career at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel until 1987, rising through the ranks to positions roughly equivalent with research assistant-professor in 1981 and research associate-professor 1985, funded by a fellowship from the NFWO (Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek).

Daubechies spent most of 1986 as a guest-researcher at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in New York.

Mathematical skills applied to fine art

Daubechies has used mathematical techniques on multiple art restoration projects. Her team worked on restoring the Ghent Altarpiece, a massive fifteenth-century work of art consisting of 12 panels that are attributed to the brothers Hubert and Jan van Eyck. Daubechies and several colleagues developed new mathematical techniques to both reverse the effects of aging upon the artworks and untangle and remove the effects of past ill-fated conservation efforts. Using highly precise photographs and X-rays of the panels as well as various filtering methods, the team of mathematicians found an automatic way to detect the cracks caused by aging.

Awards and honors

Daubechies received the Louis Empain Prize for Physics in 1984. It is awarded once every five years to a Belgian scientist on the basis of work done before the age of 29.

In 1992, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship and in 1993, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1994, she received the American Mathematical Society Steele Prize for Exposition for her book, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, and was invited to give a plenary lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich. In 1997, she was awarded the AMS Ruth Lyttle Satter prize.

Personal life

In 1985, Daubechies met mathematician Robert Calderbank when he was on a three-month exchange visit from Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey to the Brussels-based mathematics division of Philips Research. They married in 1987. They have two children, Michael Calderbank and Carolyn Calderbank.

Applications

• Image compression
• Digital cinema
• Digital art restoration
• Biological morphology