亚历山大·帕夫洛维奇·维诺格拉多夫1895—1975

1928年起，他在苏联科学院生物地球化学问题实验室担任助理教授。

他是苏联科学院韦尔纳茨基地球化学和分析化学研究所的主任。

荣誉

月球近地侧的维诺格拉多夫山以他的名字命名。 火星上的维诺格拉多夫撞击坑也以他的名字命名。

Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Па́влович Виногра́дов; 21 August 1895 – 16 November 1975) was a Soviet geochemist, academician (1953), and Hero of Socialist Labour (1949, 1975).

In 1928, he took up a position as assistant professor in the laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

He was the director of Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1947–1975).

Mons Vinogradov, a mountain on the near side of the Moon, is named after him. So is a large crater on Mars.

Biography

Alexander Vinogradov was born in a family of state ("economic") peasants (employees) in Yaroslavl province or, according to other sources, in St. Petersburg.

At the end of agricultural work, the whole Vinogradov family would go to St. Petersburg to earn money, and for the summer they would come home to Petretsovo where parents would engage in farming. At the end of the 1890s, family moved to St. Petersburg for permanent residence.

In 1907 Alexander Vinogradov graduated from the First Spassky City Primary College in St. Petersburg with honors. He received secondary education by 1916 at the Military District in Petrograd.

Since 1919 Alexander Vinogradov has been studying at the Military Medical Academy and, at the same time, at the Chemistry department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Leningrad State University. In 1924 he graduated from the academy and in 1925 – from the university. Since 1924 he worked at Zelinsky's Moscow laboratory. In 1925 he became a full-time employee at the Physiological Chemistry Department of the Military Medical Academy. From 1926 Alexander Vinogradov worked as a researcher at the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (in the Commission for the Study of Natural Productive Forces) where he thereafter stayed for further scientific work as a senior specialist and deputy director thanks to the invitation of academician Vernadsky in 1930. Alexander Vinogradov participated in the establishment of the Biogeochemical Laboratory of the Academy.

Awards and prizes

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (29 October 1949; 20 August 1975)

6 Orders of Lenin (29 October 1949; 19 September 1953; 1 April 1954; 23 August 1965; 11 September 1970; 20 August 1975)

• 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (06/10/1945; 30 September 1946)
• medals
• V. I. Lenin Prize (1934)
• Lenin Prize (1962)
• Stalin Prize, 1st degree (1949)

Stalin Prize, 1st degree (1951) – for the scientific work named “Geochemistry of rare and trace elements in soil” («Геохимия редких и рассеянных элементов в почве») (1950)

• Stalin Prize (1951)
• Lomonosov gold medal of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1973)
• Vernadsky gold medal of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1965)

Membership in scientific societies

Corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1943), member (academician) of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1953).

Foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Indian National Academy of Sciences.

Memory

A bronze bust of Vinogradov, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (sculptor – Z.M. Vilensky, architect – V.S. Maslov), was opened on 17 January 1978 on the Alley of Heroes of Moscow Victory Park in Leningrad.

Memorial plaques are installed on the building of the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg and on the facade of GEOKHI (Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Kosygina Street, house No. 19) in Moscow.

The memorial office-museum of Academician Vinogradov was opened at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (Moscow).

The name of the scientist was assigned to the Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Irkutsk.

One of the research vessels of the B-86 project was named Akademik Alexander Vinogradov.

The Vinogradov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences was established (1978).

Since 1983 Vinogradov Scientific Readings have been held at the Geological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Two annual Vinogradov scholarships for students of the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University have been established in 1988.

The following were named in honor of Vinogradov:

vinogradovit mineral,

Vinogradov Fracture Zone at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean (60°45′—60°59′ S, 29°33′—28°57′ W),

Mount Vinogradov (Mons Vinogradov) on the Moon,

Vinogradov crater with a diameter of 210 km on Mars.