樟目目

特征

乔木，灌木，稀寄生藤本。叶互生，稀对生，单叶，无托叶。花两性或单性，花各部轮生，子房上位至周位，心皮多个分离或1个。表现为花萼扁平，子房一心皮一室。种子有胚乳或无胚乳；胚小。

分类

本目是木兰类植物的四个目之一，其中木兰目与本目的关系最密切。

内部分类

依APG III分类法，本目共有7科，其中以樟科种类最多。中国只有樟科、蜡梅科和莲叶桐科。

香皮檫科 Atherospermataceae R.Br. (1814)

蜡梅科 Calycanthaceae Lindl. (1819), nom. cons.

奎乐果科 Gomortegaceae Reiche (1896), nom. cons.

莲叶桐科 Hernandiaceae Blume (1826), nom. cons.

樟科 Lauraceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.

玉盘桂科 Monimiaceae Juss. (1809), nom. cons.

坛罐花科 Siparunaceae Schodde (1970)

The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.

The order includes about 2500–2800 species from 85 to 90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate zone. The best known species in this order are those of the Lauraceae (for example bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, and Sassafras), and the ornamental shrub Calycanthus of the Calycanthaceae.

The earliest lauraceous fossils are from the early Cretaceous. It is possible that the ancient origin of this order is one of the reasons for its highly diverged morphology. Presently no single morphological property is known, which would unify all the members of Laurales. The presently accepted classification is based on molecular and genetic analysis.

Classification

The first botanist to think of the Laurales as a natural group was H. Hallier in 1905. He viewed them as being derived from the Magnoliales. During some or all of the 20th century, the Laurales generally included Amborella and the plants now classified in Austrobaileyales and Chloranthaceae. They were not removed until the advent of molecular data in the late 20th century; their previous inclusion made it harder to determine the relationships within the Laurales and between the Laurales and other groups.

The following families are included in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system (APG III):

Under the older Cronquist system, the Laurales included a slightly different set of families (current placement, where different, in brackets):

• Family Amborellaceae (Family Amborellaceae, unplaced)
• Family Calycanthaceae
• Family Gomortegaceae
• Family Hernandiaceae
• Family Idiospermaceae (= Calycanthaceae pro parte)
• Family Lauraceae

Family Monimiaceae (Cronquist included Atherospermataceae and Siparunaceae in Monimiaceae)

Family Trimeniaceae (Austrobaileyales)

The extinct family Araripiaceae (containing only the genus Araripia) is known from the Aptian of Brazil.