马里奥·卡佩奇1937—

生平

马里奥·卡佩奇于1937年出生于意大利北部城市维罗纳，并于1961年获得美国俄亥俄州安提阿大学（Antioch College）化学及物理学学士学位。1967年，马里奥·卡佩奇在詹姆斯·沃森（1962年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者之一）的指导下，于哈佛大学取得生物物理学（Biophysics）博士学位。

1967年至1969年，卡佩奇在哈佛大学学者学会（Society of Fellows）担任初级研究员（Junior Fellow）。1969年，卡佩奇成为哈佛大学医学院生物化学系助理教授，并于1971年晋升为副教授。1973年，卡佩奇进入犹他大学任教。自1988年起，卡佩奇还担任了霍华德·休斯医学研究所的研究员（Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute），另外他还担任美国国家科学院院士。

所获荣誉

1992 - Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research

• 1993 - 盖尔德纳国际奖
• 2001 - 阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖
• 1996 - 京都赏（基础科学）
• 2001 - 西班牙Jiménez-Diáz奖
• 2007 - 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，与马丁·埃文斯和奥利弗·史密斯一同获得

Mario Ramberg Capecchi (Italian: [ˈmaːɾjo kaˈpekki]; born October 6, 1937) is an Italian-born American molecular geneticist and a co-awardee of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a method to create mice in which a specific gene is turned off, known as knockout mice. He shared the prize with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies. Capecchi is Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of Utah School of Medicine.

Life

Mario Capecchi was born in Verona, Italy, as the only child of Luciano Capecchi and Lucy Ramberg, an Italian-born daughter of American-born Impressionist painter Lucy Dodd Ramberg and German archaeologist Walter Ramberg. His parents weren't married, and due to the turmoil in Europe caused by World War II, the details of his early life are unclear. In 1941 he and his mother were living near Bolzano, about 160 miles north of his father in Reggio Emilia when his mother was arrested and deported for pamphleteering and belonging to an anti-Fascist group. Prior to her arrest she had made contingency plans by selling her belongings and giving the proceeds to a nearby peasant family to care for her child. However, it was not long before Mario ended up on the streets of Bolzano. In July 1942, a few months before his fifth birthday, Italian records suggest he was reunited with his father in Reggio Emilia, which Mario did confirm but stated that he stayed with his father for only for a few brief periods and that he mostly lived on the streets until he was placed in an orphanage towards the end of the war.

Mario almost died of malnutrition. His mother survived the war in Germany (part of the reason the details of his early life are unclear is that she would never talk about her experiences), and when it ended she began a year-long search for him. She finally found him on his ninth birthday in a hospital bed in Reggio Emilia ill with a fever and subsisting on a daily bowl of chicory coffee and bread crust.

Knockout mice

Capecchi was awarded the Nobel prize for creating a knockout mouse. This is a mouse, created by genetic engineering and in vitro fertilization, in which a particular gene has been turned off. For this work, Capecchi was awarded the 2007 Nobel prize for medicine or physiology, along with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies, who also contributed. Capecchi has also pursued a systematic analysis of the mouse Hox gene family. This gene family plays a key role in the control of embryonic development in all multicellular animals. They determine the placement of cellular development in the proper order along the axis of the body from head to toe.

Honors

• 1969 – Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry
• 1992 – Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research
• 1993 – Gairdner Foundation International Award for Achievements in Medical Sciences
• 1993 – Gairdner Foundation International Award
• 1994 – General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize
• 1996 – Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
• 1996 – German Molecular Bioanalytics Prize
• 1997 – Franklin Medal for Advancing Our Knowledge of the Physical Sciences
• 1998 – Feodor Lynen Lectureship
• 1998 – Rosenblatt Prize for Excellence
• 1998 – Baxter Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences

1999 – Helen Lowe Bamberger Colby and John E. Bamberger Presidential Endowed Chair in the University of Utah Health Sciences Center

• 2000 – Lectureship in the Life Sciences for the Collège de France
• 2000 – Horace Mann Distinguished Alumni Award, Antioch College
• 2000 – Italian Premio Phoenix-Anni Verdi for Genetics Research Award

2001 – Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, co-winner with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies

• 2001 – Spanish Jiménez-Díaz Prize
• 2001 – Pioneers of Progress Award
• 2001 – National Medal of Science
• 2002 – John Scott Medal Award
• 2002 – Massry Prize from the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
• 2003 – Pezcoller Foundation-AACR International Award for Cancer Research
• 2002–2003 – Wolf Prize in Medicine
• 2005 – March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology
• 2007 – Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award for Biotechnology and Medicine

2007 – Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, co-winner with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies