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Aleksei Vasilievich Shubnikov1887—1970

Soviet crystallographer and mathematician (1887–1970)

Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov was a Soviet crystallographer and mathematician. Shubnikov was the founding director of the Institute of Crystallography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in Moscow. Shubnikov pioneered Russian crystallography and its application.

摘自英文维基百科「Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov」（英文维基百科，暂无中文条目），CC BY-SA 4.0

英文维基百科 Wikidata

出生: 1887 年 3 月 17 日，莫斯科
逝世: 1970 年 4 月 27 日，莫斯科
国籍: 俄罗斯帝国、俄罗斯共和国、苏维埃俄国、苏联
学科: 物理学、化学、数学、地球科学、博物与综合
职业: 数学家、晶体学家、矿物学家、物理学家
母语 / 工作语言: 俄语
母校: 莫斯科帝国大学物理与数学系
工作单位: 沙尼亚夫斯基人民大学（1918—）、莫斯科国立大学、A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography、乌拉尔国立大学（1920—1925）、俄罗斯科学院（1925—）

研究领域

固体物理学

师承

博士导师1

格奥尔基·维克托罗维奇·武尔夫1863—1925

博士生1

Vladimir Koptsik

学生1

Georgy Boky

来自 Wikidata 的「博士导师」「师从」「博士生」「学生」记录，可能不全。

所获奖项（10）

1947Stalin Prize, 2nd degree
—列宁勋章
—镰刀与槌子奖章
—红旗劳动勋章
—保卫莫斯科奖章
—1941-1945年大卫国战争中忘我劳动奖章
—罗蒙诺索夫金质奖章
—莫斯科建城八百周年纪念奖章
—Stalin Prize, 3rd degree
—社会主义劳动英雄

学会与院士

俄罗斯科学院

百科正文

本条目暂无中文维基百科条目，下面是英文维基百科原文。

Life

Career

In 1912 Shubnikov graduated from the Department of Natural Sciences of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. From 1920 to 1925 he was a professor at the Ural Mining Institute, Yekaterinburg. In 1925, at the invitation of the mineralogist and geologist Alexander Fersman, he went to Leningrad, where he founded a laboratory of crystallography and laid the foundations of the Soviet school of theoretical and applied crystallography and related fields. From 1927 to 1929 he visited research institutions in Norway and Germany and worked temporarily with Friedrich Rinne. In 1934 he received a doctorate in the field of geological sciences. As part of a restructuring in the Academy of Sciences, he moved to Moscow with his laboratory in 1934. With the beginning of the German-Soviet war in 1941 it was transferred to the Sverdlovsk region, where research work on piezoelectricity continued. In 1943 he returned to Moscow with his laboratory, and in 1944 it was transformed into the Institute of Crystallography by a decision of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. Also in 1944 he first suggested the concept of multiple antisymmetry. In 1953 he founded the Department of Crystal Physics at the Physics Faculty of Lomonosov University and was a professor there until 1968. He served as director of the academy's Institute for Crystallography until 1962.

Shubnikov was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1933, and a full member and academician from 1953. Shubnikov was a co-founder of the International Union of Crystallography. Shubnikov was a foreign member of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Société française de minéralogie et de cristallographie.

He is known for his research in the 1950s on the Shubnikov groups named after him, with many applications in crystallography and solid-state physics, especially in the fields of magnetism and ferroelectricity. These groups were introduced by Heinrich Heesch in 1929 and are therefore also called Heesch-Shubnikov groups today.