谢苗·沃尔夫科维奇1896—1980

生平

1920年，毕业于莫斯科国民经济学院。1921年起在萨莫伊洛夫肥科和除虫杀菌剂研究所工作，1935—1961年，为该所学术负责人。1929年起任莫斯科国民经济学院和莫斯科高等技术学校教授。1932年起为防化军事学院教授。1937年起为全苏门捷列夫化学学会主席团成员，1963年起为学会会长。1946年起为莫斯科大学教授、苏联科学院院士。沃尔夫科维奇曾参与创立苏联矿物肥料部。他主要致力于浓缩和复合肥料、牲畜饲料生产工艺的研究。1941年获苏联国家奖金。1941年，他被授予斯大林奖。1976年，他获得了罗蒙诺索夫金质奖章。

Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich (Russian: Семён Исаакович Вольфкович) (October 23, 1896 – November 12, 1980) was an outstanding Soviet chemist, inorganic chemist, technologist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1934), member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (since 1946). He was engaged in the technology of production of mineral fertilizers, studied the processes of electrothermal sublimation of phosphorus. He developed an industrial scheme for producing potassium salts from sylvinite and a new technology for producing concentrated phosphate fertilizers. He was the first in the USSR to conduct research on fluoride gases utilization, to study the processes of processing mirabilite into soda and ammonium sulfate. He studied the catalytic and other properties of aluminum-, boron-, iron-phosphates.

Biography

Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich was born in 1896 in the city of Ananyev, former Kherson province (now Odessa region, Ukraine). His father was a pharmacist (died in 1919), his mother was a housewife.

In the early years of his life he studied at a real school at the Lutheran Church. St. Michael (graduated in 1913). Despite excellent grades, because of his Jewish origin, he could not immediately enter the higher school he wanted, and for two years he attended the People's University of A. L. Shanyavsky. In 1915 he was enrolled in the technical faculty of the Moscow Institute of National Economy (MINE). Simultaneously with his studies, he served in the military and studied at the chemistry department of the Moscow Higher Technical School, specializing in mineral substances.

Scientific activities and achievements

The main scientific activity is related to the field of chemical technology of mineral fertilizers. Volfkovich developed an industrial scheme for producing potassium salts from sylvinite. He actively participated in the creation of the Khibiny Mountains apatite construction and the potash plant in Solikamsk. The scientist led all the work at the National Research University on the study and implementation of apatite in various industries. He was the author of the first monograph in the USSR on the technology of potassium salts. For his work he was elected an honorary Udarnik by the workers of the Potash Plant.

In 1921, together with E.I. Zhukovsky, he conducted experiments on the sublimation of phosphorus in an electric furnace. Based on them, the first factory furnaces were then designed at the Chernorechensky plant. For several years, S.I.

Interesting Facts

S.I. Volfkovich worked a lot with phosphorus. Phosphorus gas soaked the scientist's clothes, causing them to glow in the dark with a bluish light. When Volfkovich went out into the street at night, a crowd gathered behind him, mistaking him for an otherworldly creature.

Major works

S. I. Volfkovich published in Soviet and foreign journals more than 120 articles and scientific works. In addition to articles and reports, he wrote several textbooks and monographs. Among them:

• • “Technical processing of potassium salts” (NNSTU, 1932, 128 p.)
• • “Technology of nitrogen fertilizers” (ONTI, 1935, 371 p.)
• • “Mineral raw materials of the main chemical industry” (Promizdat, 1926, 104 p.)
• • “Processing of Khibiny apatites for fertilizers” (Goskhimtekhizdat, 1932, 64 p.)

• “General chemical technology”, (M.: Higher school, 1953, vol. 1, 632 p. – jointly with others)

• “Hydrothermal processing of phosphates for fertilizers and feed” (M.: Khimiya, 1964, 172 p. - jointly with others.)

• “Problems in the production of mineral fertilizers”, M., 1965

• “Problems of chemistry in agriculture”, M., 1969

Award and achievements

Stalin Prize of the second degree (1941) – for the development of a technological process for the integrated use of phosphate raw materials to produce phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, sodium silicofluoride and rare earths;

• five Orders of Lenin (06.10.1945; March 27, 1954; May 28, 1966; 1971; 1975);
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1944);
• Gold medal of the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements (1954; 1968);
• Big gold medal of the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements (1960; 1964);
• Silver medal of the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements (1963);

Gold medal named after D.I. Mendeleev (1967) "for a series of works on the chemistry of phosphates and the development of processes for producing concentrated and complex fertilizers.";

Prize of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" (1970);

Badge "Honorary Chemist" (1974);