百合科科

形态

植物多数为多年生草本。

通常地下有根状茎、球茎或鳞茎，茎直立或呈攀援状，叶基生或互生、对生、轮生于茎上。

花常为两性，各部为典型的3出数；花被片通常6枚，2轮，雄蕊6，离生或部分合生，有时花大而美丽，花单生或排列成各式的花序，子房上位，多为虫媒花。

浆果或肉质浆果。

分类

传统分类法下百合科曾多达230属3500种，而1998年被子植物种系发生学组分类法（也称APG分类法）发表以来，依DNA系统发生分析结果大幅修订后的百合科仅包含15属，此科下常见的植物有百合花、郁金香、贝母等。

属列表

• 百合科共有15属：
• 老鸦瓣属 Amana Honda
• 仙灯属 Calochortus Pursh

大百合属 Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl.

七筋姑属 Clintonia Raf.

猪牙花属 Erythronium L.

贝母属 Fritillaria Tourn. ex L.

顶冰花属 Gagea Salisb.

百合属 Lilium Tourn. ex L.

巫女花属 Medeola Gronov. ex L.

假百合属 Notholirion Wall. ex Boiss.

宝仙草属 Prosartes D.Don

紫脉花属 Scoliopus Torr.

扭柄花属 Streptopus Michx.

油点草属 Tricyrtis Wall.

郁金香属 Tulipa L.

The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous geophytes, often growing from bulbs although some have rhizomes. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. The flowers are large with six colored or patterned petaloid tepals (undifferentiated petals and sepals) arranged in two whorls of three, six stamens and a superior ovary. The fruit can be a berry or capsule, with seeds dispersed by animals or wind, respectively.

First described in 1789, the lily family became a paraphyletic "catch-all" (wastebasket) group of lilioid monocots that did not fit into other families and included many genera now included in other families (and in some cases in other orders). Consequently, treatments of "Liliaceae" often include these other taxa. The family likely evolved between 82 and 52 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene periods. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite their genetic similarity.

Liliaceae are widely distributed, mainly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the flowers are insect pollinated. Most of their genera, Lilium in particular, face considerable herbivory pressure from deer in some areas, both wild and domestic. Many Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, grown for their attractive flowers and involved in a major floriculture of cut flowers and dry bulbs. Some species are poisonous if eaten and can have adverse health effects in humans and household pets. Some species have been used as famine food. Lilies and tulips have symbolic and decorative value, appearing frequently in paintings and the decorative arts.