露兜树科科

本科植物大部分为灌木或乔木，有的品种为攀援状；树干有支柱根；叶狭长，3－4列或螺旋排列聚生于树技顶部，中脉和边缘有利刺；花小，单性，花被缺；雌雄异株，果实为聚合果或浆果状，由多枚核果组成。

下级分类

• 本科包括以下属：
• 多柱席露兜树属 Barrotia Gaudich., 1841
• 矮露兜树属 Benstonea Callm. & Buerki
• Echymupera
• Echymupera clara Stein, 1932
• Fouilloya Benth. & Hook.f., 1883

藤露兜树属 Freycinetia Gaudich.

Keurva Endl., 1837

Ludoviopsis Saporta, 1868

对柱露兜属 Martellidendron (Pic.Serm.) Callm. & Chassot

Palaeokeura A.Massalongo, 1853

Pandanaceoxylon K.S.Patil & K.Datar, 2002

Pandanites Dorf, 1938

Pandanocarpum A.T.Brongniart ex A.de Zigno, 1873

• 露兜树属 Pandanus Parkinson, 1773
• 波斯铁木属 Parrotia Walp., 1849
• Podocarya W.Buckland, 1836
• Podocarya Balf.f., 1878

巨露兜树属 Sararanga Hemsl.

Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa to the Pacific. It contains over 900 described species in five genera, of which the type genus, Pandanus, is the most important, with species like Pandanus amaryllifolius and karuka (Pandanus julianettii) being important sources of food. The family likely originated during the Late Cretaceous.

Characteristics

Pandanaceae includes trees, shrubs and lianas, usually with sympodial branching. The stems bear prominent leaf scars and have adventitious roots which serve as prop roots or clasping roots. The leaves are spirally arranged, long and narrow, sheathing, undivided, longitudinally pleated and parallel-veined; the leaf margins and the underside of the midribs are often prickly, occasionally the upper side pleat ridges as well.

The plants are dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The inflorescences are generally terminal, sometimes axillary. They are racemes, spikes or umbels, with subtended spathes, which may be brightly colored. The flowers are minute and lack perianths. Male flowers contain numerous stamens with free or fused filaments. Female flowers have a superior ovary, usually of many carpels in a ring, but may be reduced to a row of carpels or a single carpel. Fruits are berries or drupes, usually multiple.

Genera

Five genera are recognised – Plants of the World Online accepts a total of 934 species as of September 2026:

Benstonea Callm. & Buerki – 58 spp.

Freycinetia Gaudich. – 303 spp.

Martellidendron (Pic.Serm.) Callm. & Chassot – 6 spp.

Pandanus Parkinson – 565 spp.

Sararanga Hemsl. – 2 spp.

Up until 2003, only three genera were recognised in the family: Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga. In that year Callmander et al. published a paper in which the Pandanus subgenus Martellidendron was promoted to generic status based on the results of a DNA analysis of the family. Then in 2012, all of the species in Pandanus subgenus Acrostigma section Acrostigma, along with two more species placed elsewhere, were recognised as having a distinct morphology that separated them from the rest of Pandanus. Consequently, the new genus Benstonea was erected to accommodate them.

Phylogeny

The phylogenic relationships of Pandanaceae genera.

Uses

Particular species of Pandanus are used to make mats (e.g. Central Africa) or in food products (e.g. leaves as flavoring, or fruit in Southeast Asia).