曼努埃尔·约翰逊1805—1859

他出生于中国澳门，是东印度公司约翰·威廉·罗伯茨（John William Roberts）的儿子，曾在泰晤士河迪顿的斯代尔斯古典学院和为东印度公司服务的艾迪斯康伯军事学院接受教育。

1823年，他被HEIC派往圣赫勒拿岛，于1826年起，他开始监督梯子山天文台的建设。他曾两度前往南非，就天文台的设计与费伦·法洛斯进行咨询。1828年，他被任命为天文台台长。1835年，他在圣赫勒拿岛出版了《南半球606颗主要恒星的星表……在圣赫勒拿岛》（A Catalogue of 606 Principal Fixed Stars in the Southern Hemisphere... at St. Helena），并因此获得同年的英国皇家天文学会金质奖章。在将他的结果与尼古拉-路易·德·拉卡伊的结果进行比较时，他注意到南门二的高精动，并将这些结果告知了好望角皇家天文台的托马斯·亨德森。这导致恒星视差的首次成功测量，尽管不是首次发表。

1833年回到英国后，他进入牛津大学赫特福德学院学习，1839年获得硕士学位。之后，他于1839年起担任雷德克里夫天文台台长，直到1859年在牛津去世。他在那里引进了自记录气象仪器，利用最新发明的摄影技术连续记录气压、温度、湿度和大气电的变化。最初的仪器是由邱园天文台名誉台长弗朗西斯·罗纳兹发明和安装的。雷德克里夫天文台后来成为新成立的英国气象局观测站网络的一部分，由邱园负责协调。

1855年至1857年，约翰逊担任英国皇家天文学会会长，1856年获选为皇家学会会士。

1850年，他与医生詹姆斯·奥格（James Ogle）的女儿卡洛琳（Caroline）结婚。

Manuel John Johnson, FRS (23 May 1805 – 28 February 1859) was a British astronomer.

He was born in Macao, China, the son of John William Roberts of the East India Company and was educated at Mr Styles' Classical Academy in Thames Ditton and at the Addiscombe Military Seminary for service in the East India Company (the HEIC).

In 1823 he was sent by the HEIC to St Helena, where from 1826 he supervised the building of the Ladder Hill Observatory. He travelled twice to South Africa to consult with Fearon Fallows on the design of the observatory. In 1828 he was made Superintendent of the Observatory. In 1835 he published A Catalogue of 606 Principal Fixed Stars in the Southern Hemisphere... at St. Helena, for which he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society that same year. While comparing his results with those of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille he noted the high proper motion of Alpha Centauri and communicated these to Thomas Henderson at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. This led to the first successful measurement of a stellar parallax, though not to the first publication thereof.

On his return to the UK in 1833 he went up to Magdalen Hall, Oxford, graduating MA in 1839. He then served as director of the Radcliffe Observatory from 1839 until his death in Oxford in 1859. He introduced there self-registering meteorological instruments to continuously record variations in atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and atmospheric electricity using the recent invention of photography. The initial instruments were invented and installed by Francis Ronalds, Honorary Director of the Kew Observatory. The Radcliffe Observatory later became part of the network of observing stations established as part of the new Meteorological Office and coordinated from Kew.

Johnson was president of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1855–1857 and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1856.

In 1850 he married Caroline (born 1822), the daughter of James Adey Ogle, regius professor of medicine at Oxford, and his wife Sarah. Caroline's twin sister Amelia married James Bowling Mozley, regius professor of divinity at Oxford. After the death of Johnson and (in 1872) Amelia, Caroline lived with Mozley and assisted in his parish work at Shoreham. She died in 1881.