亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·施普瑞1931—2020

主要研究

1957年，他与别洛泽尔斯基进行了细菌DNA和RNA的比较分析，并预言了信使RNA的存在。他首次定性描述了高聚物RNA的结构（1959–61）。1968年，他提出了核糖体在蛋白质合成中的分子作用机制。

1962年完成的博士论文答辩，1964年获得教授资格。他于1966年7月1日当选为苏联科学院通讯院士，并于1970年11月24日升为院士。1974年当选利奥波第那科学院院士。2019年4月当选美国国家科学院外籍院士。

荣誉

• 三级祖国功勋勋章（2007年4月20日）
• 四级祖国功勋勋章（1999年6月4日）
• 列宁勋章（两次：1975年，1981年）
• 列宁奖（1976年）
• 苏联国家奖（1988年）
• 俄罗斯联邦国家奖（2000年）
• 罗蒙诺索夫金质奖章（2001年）

Alexander Sergeevich Spirin (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Спирин; 4 September 1931 – 30 December 2020) was a Russian biochemist, Distinguished Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (since 1999), a Director of Institute of Protein Research Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino (Пущино-на-Оке), Moscow Region (Московская Область), Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences. His primary scientific interests in biochemistry included nucleic acids and protein biosynthesis.

Career

In 1957 together with Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky (Андрей Николаевич Белозерский) he conducted comparative analysis of bacterial DNA and RNA, and predicted existence of messenger RNA. He gave the first qualitative description of the structure of high-polymer RNA (1959–61). In 1963 he discovered structural transitions of ribosomes and formulated one of the principles of structure of ribosomes. He discovered artificial ribosomal self-assembly (1963–66) and proposed a molecular mechanism of the ribosome role in protein synthesis (1968). He conducted extra-cellular protein synthesis on modified ribosomes — non-enzymatic translation (together with L.P. Gavrilova) (1970–74).

In 1957, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation.

In 1962, he defended his doctoral dissertation.

In 1964, he received the title of Professor.

He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1966 and full member in 1970.

Awards

Dr. Spirin was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal in 1969, elected an Honorary Fellow of University of Granada in 1972 and awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize in 2013. In 1974 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was elected an International member of the American Philosophical Society in 1997 and a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in April 2019.