亚历山大·彼得罗维奇·卡尔平斯基1846—1936

生平

卡尔平斯基出生于彼尔姆省克拉斯诺图林斯克（现今斯维尔德洛夫斯克州克拉斯诺图林斯克）一个乌拉尔山区采矿家庭。

1857年至1866年，他就读于圣彼得堡采矿学校，期间在矿物研究所进修了三年，并于1866年毕业。从1866后到1869年，在乌拉尔家乡做过一段时间的采矿工程师。

1869年他应邀前往圣彼得堡矿业学院担任助理教授，并亦作进一步的学习和研究。1877年被授予教授职位，在那儿他一直呆到1885年。从1885年至1916年期间一直担任帝国矿业研究所主任。1885－1903年任地质委员会主席。1886年任彼得堡俄国科学院研究员，1889年当选为科学院非常任院士，1896年当选为常任院士。1897年，第7届国际地质学大会当选为大会主席。1899－1936年他任俄国（苏联）矿物学会会长、主席。1917－1936年任苏联科学院院长。

他的主要研究是在乌拉尔山区完成的，他完成了第一部俄罗斯欧洲部分地质图。在混乱、掠夺的俄国革命时期，他保存了许多许多宝贵的记录和研究设备。

火化后，他的骨灰瓮被安葬于莫斯科克里姆林宫红场墓园中，也是安葬于此的最年长（按出生日算）之人。

命名和荣誉

• 卡尔平斯基矿石；
• 月球上的卡尔平斯基环形山；
• 千岛群岛中幌筵岛上的卡尔平斯基火山群；
• 俄罗斯极北区北地群岛中十月革命岛上的卡尔平斯基山；
• 位于俄罗斯秋明州和科米共和国之间高约1878米的卡尔平斯基山；
• 乌拉尔山脉东侧斯维尔德洛夫斯克州卡尔平斯克镇
• 俄罗斯卡尔平斯基地质研究所

1947年（诞辰一百周年）苏联科学院创建了授予“地质领域杰出贡献者”的卡尔平斯基金奖。

Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky (Russian: Александр Петрович Карпинский, trl. Aljeksandr Pjetrovič Karpinskij; 7 January 1847 [O.S. 26 December 1846] – 15 July 1936) was a prominent Russian and Soviet geologist and mineralogist, and the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and later Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in 1917–1936.

Biography

Karpinsky was born in Turyinskiye Rudniki, Perm Governorate (now Krasnoturyinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast), in the Ural Mountains, into a family of mining engineers. His mother Maria Grashof was of German descent. From 1857 to 1866 he studied at the mining school in St. Petersburg, and in 1863-1866 he also attended the Mineralogical Institute. From 1866 to 1869 he worked in his home area in the Urals as a mining engineer.

He was invited to the Mining Institute, St. Petersburg in 1869 as an assistant professor, whilst also doing further studies and research. He was given full professorship in 1877. He stayed there until 1885. He was the imperial director of mining research from 1885 to 1916. Karpinsky was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1886, was elected its president in May 1917, and held this title until his death. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1897. His main research was chiefly done in the Ural Mountains, and he completed the first geological map of European Russia. He was able to preserve much scientific equipment and many invaluable records during the turmoil, and looting, of the Russian Revolution.

Karpinsky died on 15 July 1936 in Moscow, at the age of 89 and was cremated and an urn with his ashes lies in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow, and is the oldest (by the date of birth) person to be so.

Named in his honor

The mineral karpinskite

The fossil fish genus Karpinskiprion and the disused fossil fish species Helicoprion karpinskii

• The lunar crater Karpinsky
• The Karpinsky Group of volcanoes on Paramushir Island in the Kurils
• Karpinsky Glacier, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

Mount Karpinsky, Urals at 1878 m lies between the Tyumen Oblast and the Komi Republic in Russia

The town of Karpinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast on the east side of the Urals

Karpinsky Russian Geology Research Institute

in 1947 (on the centenary of his birth) the Academy of Sciences of the USSR created the Karpinsky Gold Medal, awarded for outstanding contributions in the field of geology.