真盲缺目目

本目包含刺猬、鼠猬、沟齿鼩、鼹鼠、鼩鼹、鼩鼱等动物。

分类

• 真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla
• 猬科 Erinaceidae
• 刺猬亚科 Erinaceinae
• 鼠猬亚科 Galericinae
• 鼩鼱科 Soricidae
• 麝鼩亚科 Crocidurinae
• 鼩鼱亚科 Soricinae
• 非洲白齿鼩亚科 Myosoricinae
• 鼹科 Talpidae
• 鼹亚科 Talpinae
• 美洲鼹亚科 Scalopinae
• 鼩鼹亚科 Uropsilinae
• 沟齿鼩科 Solenodontidae
• † 岛鼯科 Nesophontidae
• † 半猴猬科 Amphilemuridae

依据Roca et al.与Brace et al.的研究，既存本目动物间的关系如下：

上面种系发生树的上下两个分支被分子钟推定约于7,200万至7,400万年前分开演化，岛鼯科与沟齿鼩科约于5,700万年前分开演化，鼹科与最下面的两科约于6,900万年前分开演化，鼩鼱科与猬科则约于6,400万年前分开演化。

Eulipotyphla (, from eu- "true" + Lipotyphla "lacking blind gut"; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the families Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures), Solenodontidae (solenodons), Talpidae (moles, shrew-like moles and desmans), and Soricidae (true shrews).

Taxonomic history

Historically, these animals were grouped with others such as treeshrews, elephant shrews, and colugos, under the broader category Insectivora, comprising all small insect-eating placental mammals. Wilhelm Peters identified two sub-groups of Insectivora, distinguished by the presence or absence of a cecum in the large intestine. In his 1866 Generelle morphologie der organismen, Ernst Haeckel named these groups Menotyphla and Lipotyphla, respectively from μένω ("remain")/λείπω ("lack" or "leave behind") + τυφλὸν literally "blind", as in τυφλὸν ἔντερον ("blind intestine", from which the Latin intestinum caecum derives as a calque).

Since the late 1990s, molecular studies have produced evidence that the Lipotyphla are not a monophyletic group. This led to tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles being placed in a new order (Afrosoricida, in the superorder Afrotheria), with the remaining members of Lipotyphla being reclassified as Eulipotyphla.

A 2023 study suggested that the order began to diversify prior to the K-Pg extinction, based on molecular clock estimates.

Classification

• Order Eulipotyphla (= 'Lipotyphla' - Afrosoricida = 'Erinaceomorpha' + 'Soricomorpha')
• Family Erinaceidae
• Subfamily Erinaceinae: hedgehogs
• Subfamily Galericinae: gymnures or moonrats
• Family Soricidae
• Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews
• Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews
• Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews
• Family Talpidae
• Subfamily Talpinae: Old World moles and desmans
• Subfamily Scalopinae: New World moles
• Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew-like moles
• Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
• † Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews
• † Family Amphilemuridae
• † Family Nyctitheriidae
• † Family Plesiosoricidae

Family-level cladogram of modern eulipotyphlan relationships, following Roca et al. and Brace et al.:

The upper and lower basal subclades within the tree are the suborders Solenodonota and Erinaceota, respectively. These two branches are estimated to have split ~72–74 million years (Ma) ago. The Nesophontidae and Solenodontidae are thought to have separated roughly 57 Ma ago. Split times for talpids vs. soricids plus erinaceids, and for soricids vs. erinaceids, have been estimated at 69 Ma and 64 Ma ago, respectively.