柳雷鸟种

别名

柳雷鸟有许多别名：雷鸟、柳鸡、苏衣尔、雪鸡。

轶闻

柳雷鸟的叫声似中文：“爱不爱我？”，在中文界网络领域中又有“情勒鸟”之称。

另一个叫声名称说法听起来则像是中文的"二百五",听起来像在骂人。

特征

在夏季的时候，雄鸟身体的羽毛上半部分为黑褐色（上面有不规则的棕黄色横斑），下半部分为白色；翅膀的羽毛为白色；黑褐色的尾巴中央有一对白色尾羽；脚上也覆盖着白色羽毛。雌鸟身体的羽毛上半部分为黑褐色（上面有淡黄色点斑），羽端为白色；下半部分污黄色。

到了秋季，雄鸟和雌鸟上体的羽色都变成了棕黄栗色，布满黑色的斑纹，胸、腹部换成了白色的羽毛。

进入冬季，雄鸟和雌鸟全身的羽毛都变为白色，仅尾羽和飞羽的羽干为黑色。

柳雷鸟眼睛内的虹膜为褐色；嘴黑色；爪也是黑色。

习性

柳雷鸟生活在北极附近的冻原地带、冻原灌丛森林和多岩石的草甸地带，非常耐寒。喜欢在树林中活动，有时也到农田地带。除了繁殖期外大多成群活动，冬季甚至可达百只以上。活动范围广，冬季会进行长途迁移。

繁殖

柳雷鸟的繁殖期是5—7月，配对前雄鸟会在自己占据的领地里炫耀表演并发出求偶的鸣叫声，吸引雌鸟前来交尾。

食物

柳雷鸟是典型的植食鸟类，很少吃昆虫。主要是各种桦树、柳树、杨树等乔木的嫩芽、嫩枝、嫩叶、花絮、种子和果实。冬春季吃植物的芽苞和微枝，夏季吃绿叶，秋季吃草籽和浆果。

The willow ptarmigan ( TAR-mi-gən; Lagopus lagopus) is a bird in the grouse tribe Tetraonini of the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is also known as the willow grouse. The willow ptarmigan breeds in birch and other forests and moorlands in northern Europe, the tundra of Scandinavia, Siberia, Alaska, and Canada, in particular in the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec. It is the state bird of Alaska.

In the summer, the birds are largely brown, with dappled plumage, while in the winter, they are white with some black feathers in their tails. The species has remained little changed from the bird that roamed the tundra during the Pleistocene. Nesting takes place in the spring when clutches of four to 10 eggs are laid in a scrape on the ground. The chicks are precocial, so soon leave the nest. While they are young, both parents play a part in caring for them. The chicks eat insects and young plant growth, while the adults are completely herbivorous, eating leaves, flowers, buds, seeds, and berries during the summer and largely subsisting on the buds and twigs of willow and other dwarf shrubs and trees during the winter.

Status

Widespread and not uncommon in its remote habitat, the willow ptarmigan is classified as a species of least concern by the IUCN because even if numbers are declining slightly, it has a very wide range with a total population estimated at 40 million individuals.

Title bird

The willow ptarmigan was adopted as the state bird of Alaska in 1955. It is also the regional bird of Southern Lapland.

In popular culture

Users of TikTok and other social-media platforms have noted that the willow ptarmigan's distinctive call sounds like the expression awebo, a corruption of the vulgar Mexican Spanish slang phrase a huevo. The species has gained popular recognition as "the awebo bird" or simply the "awebo".