迈克尔·阿廷1934—

生涯

阿廷出生于德国汉堡市，并在美国印第安纳州长大，父亲埃米尔·阿廷是20世纪著名的几何学家。1937年，因为迈克尔·阿廷的外公是犹太人缘故，阿廷夫妇离开德国。1955年，迈克尔·阿廷在普林斯顿大学完成本科教育，之后转入哈佛大学，并在奥斯卡·扎里斯基指导下，于1960年取得博士学位。

1960年早期，阿廷供职于法国高等科学研究所，致力于代数几何研讨会中SGA4关于topos理论和平展上同调的研究。在局部代数领域，他在概型范畴中刻画可表示函子的研究，导致了Artin逼近定理的产生。这项工作同时引发了一个代数空间和代数堆的想法，并在模理论中证明出非常深远的影响力。另外，他在代数簇的变形理论中做出重大贡献。此外他也研究从几何角度研究非交换环。

2002年，阿廷获得美国数学会颁发的勒罗伊·P·斯蒂尔奖。2005年，他获得哈佛百年奖章。2013年，因其在代数几何方面的基础性贡献，他获得沃尔夫奖。2015年，他获得美国国家科学奖章。

他是美国国家科学院，美国艺术与科学院院士，美国科学促进协会，美国工业与应用数学协会和美国数学会的会员。

Michael Artin (German: [ˈaʁtiːn]; born 28 June 1934) is an American mathematician and a professor emeritus in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mathematics Department, known for his contributions to algebraic geometry.

Life and career

Artin was born in Hamburg, Germany, and brought up in Indiana. His parents were Natalia Naumovna Jasny (Natascha) and Emil Artin, preeminent algebraist of the 20th century of Armenian descent. Artin's parents left Germany in 1937, because his mother's father was Jewish. His elder sister is Karin Tate, who was married to mathematician John Tate until the late 1980s.

Artin did his undergraduate studies at Princeton University, receiving an A.B. in 1955. He then moved to Harvard University, where he received a Ph.D. in 1960 under the supervision of Oscar Zariski, defending a thesis about Enriques surfaces.

In the early 1960s, Artin spent time at the IHÉS in France, contributing to the SGA4 volumes of the Séminaire de géométrie algébrique, on topos theory and étale cohomology, jointly with Alexander Grothendieck. He also collaborated with Barry Mazur to define étale homotopy theory which has become an important tool in algebraic geometry, and applied ideas from algebraic geometry (such as the Nash equilibrium) to the study of diffeomorphisms of compact manifolds.

His work on the problem of characterising the representable functors in the category of schemes has led to the Artin approximation theorem in local algebra as well as the "Existence theorem". This work also gave rise to the ideas of an algebraic space and algebraic stack, and has proved very influential in moduli theory.

He also has made important contributions to the deformation theory of algebraic varieties, serving as the basis for all future work in this area of algebraic geometry. With Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, he provided a resolution of the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture for elliptic K3 surfaces and the pencil of elliptic curves over finite fields.

He contributed to the theory of surface singularities which are both fundamental and seminal. The rational singularity and fundamental cycles, which are used in matroid theory, are such examples of his sheer originality and thinking.

He began to turn his interest from algebraic geometry to noncommutative algebra (noncommutative ring theory), especially geometric aspects, after a talk by Shimshon Amitsur and an encounter in University of Chicago with Claudio Procesi and Lance W. Small, "which prompted [his] first foray into ring theory". Today, he is a recognized world authority in noncommutative algebraic geometry.

Awards

In 2002, Artin won the American Mathematical Society's annual Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement.

In 2005, he was awarded the Harvard Centennial Medal.

In 2013, he won the Wolf Prize in Mathematics, and in 2015 was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama.

He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1969), the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and the American Mathematical Society.

He is a Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Honorary Fellow of the Moscow Mathematical Society, and was awarded honorary doctorates by the universities of Hamburg and Antwerp, Belgium. He was invited to give a talk on the topic "The Étale Topology of Schemes" at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1966 in Moscow, USSR.