奥斯卡·巴克隆德1846—1916

生平

巴克隆德生于瑞典西约特兰的 Länghem，于1872年毕业于乌普萨拉大学。1876年他前往俄罗斯帝国，并在位于今日爱沙尼亚塔尔图的多尔帕特天文台任职。1879年他进入普尔科沃天文台并于1895年担任台长直到去世。

研究

巴克隆德的专长是天体力学，尤其是以考虑到各行星重力摄动的状况下计算恩克彗星的轨道。他曾经以观测恩克彗星的方式试图推算水星的质量。俄国文献有时候称恩克彗星是恩克－巴克隆德彗星。1898到1900年间他在斯匹次卑尔根岛进行大地测量学相关研究。

家庭

他的妻子是 Ulrika Catharina Widebeck。两人的女儿艾尔莎·卡罗来纳·巴克隆德（Elsa Carolina Backlund，1880年3月25日－1974年4月19日）是著名艺术家，丈夫是Ulrik Fredrik Adolf Hugo Celsing，她以艾尔莎·巴克隆德－塞尔辛（Elsa Backlund-Celsing）为人所知。儿子海里格·巴克隆德（Helge Gotrik Backlund，1878年9月3日－1958年1月29日）是地质学家。

荣誉与奖项

• 奖项
• 1909年英国皇家天文学会金质奖章
• 1914年布鲁斯奖
• 荣誉

1883年圣彼得堡科学院院士。

1897年瑞典皇家科学院院士。

1911年皇家学会院士。

1914年美国文理科学院外籍荣誉院士。

• 命名事物
• 月球上的巴克隆德环形山
• 小行星856

Johan Oskar Backlund (28 April 1846 – 29 August 1916) was a Swedish-Russian astronomer. His name is sometimes given as Jöns Oskar Backlund, however even contemporary Swedish sources give "Johan". In Russia, where he spent his entire career, he is known as Oskar Andreevich Baklund (Russian: Оскар Андреевич Баклунд). Russian sources sometimes give his dates of birth and death as 16 April 1846 and 16 August 1916, since Russia still used the Julian calendar at the time.

Life

He was born in Länghem, in Västergötland, Sweden and graduated from Uppsala University in 1872. After getting his doctorate in 1875, he emigrated to Russia in 1876. He worked at Dorpat Observatory, in today's Tartu, Estonia, and then in 1879 worked at Pulkovo Observatory, becoming director of the observatory from 1895 until his death.

He specialized in celestial mechanics, and notably worked on calculating the orbit of Comet Encke, taking into account the perturbations of various planets. He used observations of Comet Encke to try estimate the mass of Mercury. Russian sources sometimes referred to the comet as Comet Encke-Backlund. He also carried out geodesic studies in Spitzbergen from 1898 to 1900. He became a member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1883, member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1897 and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1911. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1914.

Family

He was married to Ulrika Catharina Widebeck. Their daughter Elsa Celsing became a well-known artist, and their son Helge Gotrik Backlund (3 September 1878–1958) was a geologist and explorer.

Honors

• Awards
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1909)
• Bruce Medal (1914)
• Named after him
• The crater Backlund on the Moon
• Asteroid 856 Backlunda

Backlundtoppen, a mountain in Olav V Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard.