阿杜尔·奥威尔士1838—1915

经历

奥威尔斯生于哥廷根，毕业于哥廷根大学，之后任职于柯尼斯堡大学。他的专长是天文测量学，并且进行了恒星位置与自行的精确量测。他侦测到了天狼星和南河三因为伴星重力对主星运动造成的影响，而当时的望远镜还不能明显侦测到这样的变化。1866年他成为普鲁士科学院秘书，并主持了金星凌日的观测以更精确量测日地距离，也得以更精准量测太阳系的规模。奥威尔斯还执行了将所有可用星图统一的计划，并且他所编制的星云表于1862年出版。

奥威尔斯逝世于柏林。

家庭

他的儿子卡尔·冯·奥威尔斯是著名的化学家，并发现了奥威尔斯合成。

荣誉

• 获得奖项
• 1880年美国文理科学院外籍荣誉院士
• 1888年英国皇家天文学会金质奖章
• 1891年美国国家科学院詹姆斯·克雷格·沃森奖
• 1899年太平洋天文学会布鲁斯奖
• 命名事物
• 月球上的奥威尔斯环形山

Georg Friedrich Julius Arthur von Auwers (12 September 1838 – 24 January 1915) was a German astronomer. Auwers was born in Göttingen to Gottfried Daniel Auwers and Emma Christiane Sophie (née Borkenstein).

He attended the University of Göttingen and worked at the University of Königsberg. He specialized in astrometry, making very precise measurements of stellar positions and motions. He detected the companion stars of Sirius and Procyon from their effects on the main star's motion, before telescopes were powerful enough to visually observe them. He was from 1866 Secretary to the Berlin Academy, and directed expeditions to measure the transits of Venus, in order to measure the distance from the earth to the Sun more accurately, and therefore be able to calculate the dimensions of the Solar System more accurately and with greater precision. He began a project to unify all available sky charts, an interest that began with his catalog of nebulae which he published in 1862. He died in Berlin. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof I der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. I of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.

His son Karl von Auwers became a well known chemist and discoverer of the Auwers synthesis.

Honors

• Awards
• Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1880
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1888
• James Craig Watson Medal, 1891
• Pour le Mérite (civil class), 31 May 1892
• Bruce Medal, 1899
• The crater Auwers on the Moon is named after him