约翰∙达尼拉∙提丢斯1729—1796

生平

约翰·丹尼尔·提丢斯出生于皇家普鲁士科尼茨（霍伊尼采），父亲是雅各布·蒂茨，一位科尼茨的商人和议员，母亲是玛丽亚·多萝西娅。

约翰·丹尼尔·提丢斯的原名是约翰·蒂茨 (Johann Tietz)，但按照18世纪的习俗，当他成为大学教授时，他将自己的姓氏拉丁化为 提丢斯（Titius）。约翰·在但泽（格但斯克）上学，并在莱比锡大学学习（1749-1752年）。

提丢斯-波德定律

他最著名的成就是提出提丢斯-波德定律，并利用这条定律预测了距离太阳2.8个天文单位的天体，导致了1801年，朱塞普·皮亚齐发现谷神星。1766年，他将自己对行星距离的观察结果融入查尔斯·博内 (Charles Bonnet) 的《自然沉思录》 （Contemplation de la Nature）的德文译本中，发明提丢斯定律。由于提丢斯定律，前四颗小行星最初被标记为行星。经过十五年的中断，其他小行星开始以稳定增加的速度被天文学家发现，谷神星最终被重新标记为小行星。谷神星自2006年以来已升级为矮行星。

小行星1998和月球上提丢斯环形山以他的名字命名。

Johann Daniel Titius (born Johann Daniel Tietz(e), 2 January 1729 – 16 December 1796) was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg.

Titius was born in Konitz (Chojnice), Royal Prussia (Crown of Poland) to Jakob Tietz, a merchant and council member from Konitz, and Maria Dorothea, née Hanow. His original name was Johann Tietz, but as was customary in the 18th century, when he became a university professor, he Latinized his surname to Titius. Tietz attended school in Danzig (Gdańsk) and studied at the University of Leipzig (1749–1752). He died in Wittenberg, Electorate of Saxony.

Astronomy

He is best known for formulating the Titius–Bode law, and for using this rule to predict the existence of a celestial object at 2.8 AU from the sun which led to the 1801 discovery of what we now know as Ceres. He drew up the law in 1766, when he inserted his mathematical observation on planetary distances into a German translation of Charles Bonnet's book Contemplation de la Nature. In part because of this law, the first four minor planets were at first labeled as full-fledged planets. After a fifteen-year hiatus, other minor planets started to be discovered at steadily increasing rates, and Ceres and company were eventually relabeled as minor planets or asteroids. Because of its spherical shape, Ceres has had upgraded status as a dwarf planet since 2006.

The asteroid 1998 Titius and the crater Titius on the Moon are named in his honour.

Physics

Titius published a number of works on other areas in physics, such as a set of conditions and rules for performing experiments, and he was particularly focused in thermometry. In 1765 he presented a survey of thermometry up to that date. He wrote about the metallic thermometer constructed by Hanns Loeser. In his treatises on both theoretical and experimental physics, he incorporated the findings of other scientists, such as the descriptions of experiments written by Georg Wolfgang Kraft in 1738.

Biology

Titius was also active in biology, particularly in classification of organisms and minerals. His biological work was influenced by Linnaeus. Lehrbegriff der Naturgeschichte Zum ersten Unterrichte, his most extensive publication in biology, was on systematic classification of plants, animals, and minerals, as well as the elemental substances ether, fire, air, water and earth.