胡椒属属

胡椒属植物分布在世界各地的热带地区，多数品种生长在热带雨林中，也有少数品种可以生长在比较开阔地带或亚热带地区。

部分胡椒属藤本品种在温暖地区可以作为园艺品种，但胡椒属的主要用途还是作为香料和蔬菜，人类最早在大约9,000年前就已经知道应用胡椒作为食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥叶胡椒（Piper auritum）、荜澄茄（Piper cubeba）、长胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被应用。越南的罗洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及东南亚的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）叶子都是当地的蔬菜。胡椒属许多品种还被许多地方作为当地的草药使用。

主要品种

胡椒属植物在美洲有约700种，在东南亚有300余种，在南太平洋有40多种，在非洲有约15种。

• 兰屿风藤 Piper arborescens
• Piper achupallasense
• Piper aduncum

Piper aequilaterum C.DC.

• Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram., 2023
• Piper amalgo
• Piper angamarcanum

兰屿胡椒 Piper arborescens Roxb.

西藏胡椒 Piper arunachalense Gajurel, Rethy & Y. Kumar

卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq.

• 墨西哥胡椒叶 Piper auritum
• 华南胡椒 Piper austrosinense Y. C. Tseng
• Piper azuaiense
• Piper baezanum
• Piper baezense
• Piper begoniiforme

蒌叶 Piper betle L.

苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC.

光轴苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense C. DC.

复毛胡椒 Piper bonii C. DC.

大叶复毛胡椒 Piper bonii var. macrophyllum Y. C. Tseng

• Piper borneense
• Piper brachipilum
• Piper brachystylum
• Piper bullatifolium

Piper caldense C.DC.

Piper callejasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram.

Piper campii

Piper caninum, SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia.

Piper candollei

华山蒌 Piper cathayanum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia

Piper cenocladum – "ant piper"

长果胡椒 Piper chaba

勐海胡椒 Piper chaudocanum C. DC.

Piper chimborazoense

Piper chimonanthifolium Kunth

中华胡椒 Piper chinense Miq.

• Piper clathratum
• Piper claussenianum
• Piper coeloneurum
• Piper cordulatum
• 荜澄茄 Piper cubeba
• Piper cutucuense
• 大苗山胡椒 Piper damiaoshanense Y. C. Tseng

Piper darienense – duermeboca (巴拿马), kana (Kuna)

• Piper decurrens
• Piper densiciliatum
• Piper diffundum
• Piper disparipilum
• Piper distigmatum
• Piper dodsonii
• Piper entradense
• Piper eriocladum
• Piper eustylum
• Piper fallenii

琉球胡椒 Piper ferriei C. DC.

Piper fimbriulatum

黄花胡椒 Piper flaviflorum C. DC.

• Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth
• Piper glabratum Kunth
• Piper grandifolium
• Piper gualeanum
• Piper guayasanum
• 西非胡椒 Piper guineense

海南蒟 Piper hainanense Hemsl.

山蒟 Piper hancei Maxim.

哈曼氏胡椒 Piper harmandii C. DC.

Piper hillianum C.DC.

Piper hispidinervum

河池胡椒 Piper hochiense Y. C. Tseng

Piper hoyoscardozii W.Trujillo-C. & M.A.Jaram., 2022

• Piper huigranum
• Piper hydrolapathum
• Piper hylebates
• Piper hylophilum
• Piper imperiale
• 沉果胡椒 Piper infossum Y. Q. Tseng
• 疏果胡椒 Piper interruptum Opiz

尖峰岭胡椒 Piper jianfenglingense C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan

风藤 Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi

恒春风藤 Piper kawakamii Hayata

Piper kerrii Suwanph. and Y.Banchong, 2023

Piper kurzii Ridl.

绿岛胡椒 Piper kwashoense Hayata

大叶蒟 Piper laetispicum C. DC.

Piper lanatum Roxb.

Piper laevigatum Kunth, 1815

Piper leptostachyum Wall. ex Miq.

• Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth
• Piper lineatipilosum Yunck., 1959
• 陵水胡椒 Piper lingshuiense Y. C. Tseng
• 罗洛胡椒 Piper lolot C.DC., 1898

Piper lonchites Roem. & Schult.

• Piper longicaudatum
• 荜拔 Piper longum L.，长胡椒
• Piper lucigaudens
• Piper macrophyllum

粗梗胡椒 Piper macropodum C. DC.

麻根 Piper magen B. Q. Cheng ex C. L. Long & Jun Yang

Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper

Piper malacophyllum (C.Presl) C.DC.

• Piper manabinum
• Piper marginatum
• Piper mekongense
• Piper mendezense
• Piper mestonii
• Piper metallicum Hallier f., 1896

卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum Roxb.，为Piper majusculum Blume的异名

Piper mexiae (Trel.) Trel. & Yunck., 1950

柄果胡椒 Piper mischocarpum Y. C. Tseng

Piper molliusculum Sodiro, 1900

墨脱胡椒 Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, 2024

短蒟 Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

变叶胡椒 Piper mutabile C. DC.

• Piper nanegalense
• Piper napo-pastazanum
• Piper nebuligaudens
• 黑胡椒 Piper nigrum L.，胡椒

Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine - 澳大利亚

Piper nokaidoyitau W.Trujillo-C. & M.A.Jaram., 2022

• 裸果胡椒 Piper nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng
• 彩脉胡椒 Piper ornatum N.E.Br., 1884
• Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka

角果胡椒 Piper pedicellatum C. DC.

Piper peepuloides Roxb.

Piper peltatum L., 1753

Piper permucronatum Yunck.

Piper perstrigosum Yunck., 1955

Piper phangngaense Suwanph. and Hodk., 2023

台东胡椒 Piper philippinum Miq.

屏边胡椒 Piper pingbienense Y. C. Tseng

Piper platylobum

线梗胡椒 Piper pleiocarpum C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng

樟叶胡椒 Piper polysyphonum C. DC.

肉轴胡椒 Piper ponesheense C. DC.

• Piper porphyrophyllum
• Piper poscitum
• Piper prietoi
• Piper productispicum
• Piper pseudonigrum

Piper pseudopothifolium C.DC.

毛叶胡椒 Piper puberulilimbum C. DC.

岩椒 Piper pubicatulum C. DC.

Piper puyoense

Piper quinchasense M. A. Jaram.

• Piper regale
• 假荜拔 Piper retrofractum Vahl
• Piper richardiifolium Kunth

Piper rugocarpum Y.Banchong and Suwanph., 2023

Piper rostratum Roxb.

Piper rubronodosum

Piper rubrovenosum

红果胡椒 Piper rubrum C. DC.

• 西贡胡椒 Piper saigonense
• Piper saloyanum
• Piper san-miguelense

假蒟 Piper sarmentosum Roxb.

Piper schuppii

Piper scutilimbum C.DC.

斜叶蒟 Piper senporeiense Yamam.

塞舌尔胡椒 Piper seychellarum

Piper skutchii

Piper smitinandianum Suwanph. & Chantar.

Piper sodiroi C.DC.

短柄胡椒 Piper stipitiforme C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng

Piper stipulosum Sodiro

Piper subaduncum Yunck.

多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve C. DC.

狭叶多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve var. nandanicum Y. C. Tseng

Piper subnitidifolium Yunck.

缘毛胡椒 Piper semiimmersum C. DC.

半透明胡椒 Piper semi-transparens C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan