让·加斯东·达布1842—1917

他于1876年获得科学院大奖，于1884年成为其成员。他在子午线局的继任是Paul Appell。他是1916年皇家学会西尔维斯特奖章的获得者。

以达布命名的概念及定理

• 达布积分
• 达布函数
• 孤立子理论中的达布变换
• 辛拓扑中的达布定理
• 实分析中的达布定理，和中值定理相关
• 克里斯托费尔－达布恒等式 [1]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 克里斯托费尔－达布公式 [2]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 达布公式 [3]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 达布向量 [4]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 欧拉－达布方程 [5]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 欧拉－泊松－达布方程 [6]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 达布三次式 [7]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

达布[8]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）或者Goursat问题 [9]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

Jean-Gaston Darboux FAS MIF FRS FRSE (French: [daʁbu]; 14 August 1842 – 23 February 1917) was a French mathematician.

Life

According to his birth certificate, he was born in Nîmes in France on 14 August 1842, at 1 am. However, probably due to the midnight birth, Darboux himself usually reported his own birthday as 13 August, e.g. in his filled form for Légion d'Honneur.

His parents were François Darboux, businessman of mercery, and Alix Gourdoux. The father died when Gaston was 7. His mother undertook the mercery business with great courage, and insisted that her children receive good education. Gaston had a younger brother, Louis, who taught mathematics at the Lycée Nîmes for almost his entire life.

He studied at the Nîmes Lycée and the Montpellier Lycée before being accepted as the top qualifier at the École Normale Supérieure in 1861, and received his PhD there in 1866. His thesis, written under the direction of Michel Chasles, was titled Sur les surfaces orthogonales. During his studies at the ENS, he also took lectures in Sorbonne University and Collège de France.

In 1870, he co-founded the journal Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques, called "Darboux's Journal" by his contemporary mathematicians. The publishing house was the Henry Gauthier-Villars et Cie Éditeurs, located in Paris.

In 1872, Darboux married the Beauvaisian milliner Amélie 'Célina' Carbonnier (1848–1911), daughter of Charles Louis Carbonnier, tailor, and Marie Victorine Anastase Hènocq. He and Célina had two children, Jean-Gaston (1870–1921), who was born at the time of the Siege of Paris and later became a marine zoologist at the Faculty of Science in Marseille, and Anaïs Berthe Lucie (1873–1970).

He participated in the foundation of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles in 1880, an institute that aimed at training female educators and ran parallel to the École Normale Supérieure. Its first director was Julie Favre.

In 1884, Darboux was elected to the Académie des Sciences.

Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis (see, for example, linear PDEs). He was a biographer of Henri Poincaré and he edited the Selected Works of Joseph Fourier.

Among his students were Émile Borel, Élie Cartan, Édouard Goursat, Émile Picard, Gheorghe Țițeica and Stanisław Zaremba.

In 1892 he was awarded honorary membership of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and in 1900, he was appointed the academy's permanent secretary of its Mathematics section.

In 1902, he was elected to the Royal Society and the American Philosophical Society; in 1916, he received the Sylvester Medal from the Society. In 1908, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome.

He continued to contribute to the French Bulletin des sciences mathématiques, even after 1916.