让-巴蒂斯特·夏古1867—1936

他同时也是一名素负盛名的运动员，是1896年法国橄榄球联盟的冠军和1900年巴黎奥运的帆船双料银牌得主。

生平

1867年7月15日，沙尔科生于法国塞纳河畔讷伊。1904年至1907年，沙尔科被指派为法国南极远征的领导者，搭乘法国人号探索南极格雷厄姆地西部海岸。1905年，远征队抵达阿德莱德岛，并拍下帕默群岛和卢贝海岸的相片。1908年至1910年，沙尔科搭乘普尔夸帕号参与另一次法国远征，探索别林斯高晋海和阿蒙森海，并发现卢贝地、玛格丽特湾、沙尔科岛等地。他也将一座发现的岛屿命名为雨果岛，以纪念他妻子让娜·雨果的祖父维克多·雨果。

1921年，沙尔科探索罗科尔。1925年至1936年，沙尔科探索东部格陵兰和斯瓦尔巴。1936年，他死于冰岛外海普尔夸帕号的船难事故。

纪念

1936年，埃纳尔·荣松（Einar Jónsson）在雷克雅未克设立了一座纪念碑。1952年，里卡聚尔·荣松（Ríkarður Jónsson）又建了另一座纪念碑。

Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃batist ʃaʁko]; 15 July 1867 – 16 September 1936), better known in France as Commandant Charcot (Commander Charcot), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).

As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

Life

Jean-Baptiste Charcot was appointed leader of the French Antarctic Expedition with the ship Français exploring the west coast of Graham Land from 1904 until 1907. To withstand the extreme cold, Charcot opted for woolen cold-weather garments instead of traditional furs, commissioning his polar wardrobe and the crew's outfits from Parisian tailor Ström. The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast. From 1908 until 1910, another expedition followed with the ship Pourquoi Pas ?, exploring the Bellingshausen Sea and the Amundsen Sea and discovering Loubet Land, Marguerite Bay, Mount Boland and Charcot Island, which was named after his father, Jean-Martin Charcot. He named Hugo Island after Victor Hugo, the grandfather of his wife, Jeanne Hugo.

The Royal Geographical Society awarded its Patron's Medal to Charcot in 1911, citing "his important expeditions to the Antarctic, during which he conducted investigations of high scientific value in geology, meteorology, magnetic conditions and biology."

Later on, Jean-Baptiste Charcot explored Rockall in 1921 and Eastern Greenland and Svalbard from 1925 until 1936. He died when Pourquoi-Pas ? was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Iceland in 1936.

Charcot participated in many sports. He won two silver medals in sailing at the Summer Olympics of 1900.

Dedications

A monument to Charcot was created in Reykjavík, Iceland by sculptor Einar Jónsson in 1936 and another by Ríkarður Jónsson in 1952.

• Charcot has had various places and things named after him:
• Charcotiana, a lichen genus
• Charcot Bay, Antarctica
• Charcot Fan, an abyssal fan in the Southern Ocean
• Charcot Land, a peninsula in Greenland
• Le Commandant Charcot, an icebreaking cruise ship