沙特莱侯爵夫人1706—1749

1737年发表研究火的原理的文章。1740年为13岁的儿子写了《物理学教程》一书（法文Institutions de Physique），讲述科学与哲学方面的最新思想。1749年完成了牛顿《自然哲学的数学原理》一书的法文翻译和自己的评注。

早期生活

父亲是曾任路易十四礼宾官的路易·尼古拉·勒托内利耶·德布勒特伊侯爵。出生名为“加布丽埃勒·埃米莉·勒托内利耶·德布勒特伊”（Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil）。小时候被认为面貌平庸，动作笨拙，所以家里请人教授她击剑、骑马和体操。并加以文学、数学和科学的教育，她12岁的时候可以熟练使用拉丁语、意大利语、希腊语和德语。长大后不但才华过人，而且性格活泼，喜欢打扮、跳舞、弹羽管键琴。

婚姻和婚外关系

1725年6月20日与军人夏特莱侯爵结婚（Marquis Florent-Claude du Chastellet，Châtelet之拼法是后来伏尔泰创造的）。生了三个孩子后，两人协议分居。

之后发生一系列的婚外关系。24岁的时候和黎塞留公爵发生恋情。后者听她说对牛顿的理论有兴趣，鼓励她继续学习高等数学以便进一步研究。她于是和皮埃尔·莫佩尔蒂等数学家交往学习。

1733年以后，她邀请伏尔泰住进自己在洛林省西雷的别墅，并进行物理学和数学方面的研究。把牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》翻译成了法文。并且发现了物体的动能与其速率的平方成正比。

40多岁的时候又爱上了一位年轻军官圣朗贝尔伯爵（Marquis de Saint-Lambert）并怀孕。产后6天死于血栓。

Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet (French: [emili dy ʃɑtlɛ]; 17 December 1706 – 10 September 1749) was a French mathematician and physicist.

Her most recognized achievement is her philosophical magnum opus, Institutions de Physique (Paris, 1740, first edition; Foundations of Physics). She then revised the text substantially for a second edition with the slightly modified title Institutions physiques (Paris, 1742). It circulated widely, generated heated debates, and was translated into German and Italian in 1743. The Institutions covers a wide range of topics, including the principles of knowledge, the existence of God, hypotheses, space, time, matter and the forces of nature. Several chapters treat Newton's theory of universal gravity and associated phenomena. Later in life, she translated into French, and wrote an extensive commentary on, Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The text, published posthumously in 1756, is still considered the standard French translation to this day.

Du Châtelet participated in the famous vis viva debate, concerning the best way to measure the force of a body and the best means of thinking about conservation principles. Posthumously, her ideas were represented prominently in the most famous text of the French Enlightenment, the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, first published shortly after du Châtelet's death.

She is also known as the intellectual collaborator with and romantic partner of Voltaire. In the two centuries since her death, numerous biographies, books, and plays have been written about her life and work. In the early twenty-first century, her life and ideas have generated renewed interest.