猫属属

猫属（学名：Felis）是猫科中的一属。

• 这个属由下列几个物种所组成：
• 荒漠猫 Felis bieti
• 丛林猫 Felis chaus
• 沙漠猫 Felis margarita
• 黑足猫 Felis nigripes
• 欧洲野猫 Felis silvestris
• 家猫 Felis catus
• 非洲野猫 Felis lybica
• 近年来，对猫科的种系发生认识曾有一些变化。以下物种，曾经被认为是属于这一属的：
• 兔狲 Otocolobus manul
• 狞猫 Caracal caracal
• 虎猫 Leopardus pardalis
• 长尾虎猫 Leopardus wiedii
• 美洲狮 Puma concolor
• 系统发生树（mtDNA）：

Felis is a genus of small and medium-sized cat species native to most of Africa and south of 60° latitude in Europe and Asia to Indochina. The genus includes the domestic cat. The smallest of the seven Felis species is the black-footed cat with a head and body length from 38 to 42 cm (15 to 17 in). The largest is the jungle cat with a head and body length from 62 to 76 cm (24 to 30 in).

Genetic studies indicate that the Felinae genera Felis, Otocolobus and Prionailurus diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the Felidae about 6.2 million years ago, and that Felis species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago.

Etymology

The generic name Felis is derived from Classical Latin fēlis meaning 'cat, ferret'.

Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus considered Felis to comprise all cat species known until 1758. Later taxonomists split the cat family into different genera. In 1917, the British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock revised the genus Felis as comprising only the ones listed in the following table. Estimated genetic divergence times of the listed species are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA, yDNA and mtDNA gene segments.

Pocock accepted the Pallas's cat as the only member of the genus Otocolobus. Other scientists consider it also a Felis species.

Several scientists consider the Chinese mountain cat a subspecies of F. silvestris.

Extinct Felis species

• Extinct Felis species in the fossil record include:
• Felis lunensis (Martelli, 1906)
• Felis wenzensis (Stach, 1961)

Characteristics

Felis species have high and wide skulls, short jaws and narrow ears with short tufts, but without any white spots on the back of the ears. Their pupils contract to a vertical slit.

A black cat from Transcaucasia described in 1904 as F. daemon by Satunin turned out to be a feral cat, probably a hybrid of wildcat and domestic cat.

The Kellas cat is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in Scotland.

The Corsican wildcat is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium. A genetic study of a dozen individuals showed that they are closely related to the African wildcat originating in the Middle East.